Over the past three years, Google has invested money in 11 local start-ups. They range from social media companies to data analytics firms. But no matter their particular piece of the tech marketplace, a fledgling company backed by Google’s investment arm, Google Ventures, gets access to its deep bench of developers, engineers, strategists, and even biologists. And for anyone just starting a tech business, that can sometimes be just as important as an infusion of cash.