HONG KONG — The Chinese government announced Monday that it had filed a case with the World Trade Organization accusing some European Union member countries of violating free trade rules with policies that favor the purchase of solar energy equipment produced in Europe.

The WTO case is the latest in a series of retaliatory moves by China in response to efforts by the European Union and the United States to limit imports of solar panels from China. European and US officials accuse China of dumping solar panels in foreign markets below the cost of manufacturing them and of subsidizing their manufacture, accusations that China has denied.