In 2013, the United States will hold an inauguration for a second-term African-American president, and Congress will have its first openly gay senator in Tammy Baldwin, a Democrat from Wisconsin, and historic female representation with a total of 99 women serving in the Senate and House.
But how much has changed since President Ronald Reagan? We decided to look back three decades to see for ourselves. — LAURA FINALDI
President of the United States:
1985: Ronald Reagan
2013: Barack Obama
CONGRESS
SENATE
Women
1985: 2
2013: 20
African-American
1985: 0
2013: 0
Asian-American
1985: 2
2013: 2
Hispanic
1985: 0
2013: 3
HOUSE
Women
1985: 23
2013: 79
African-American
1985: 20
2013: 43
Asian-American
1985: 3
2013: 9
Hispanic
1985: 12
2013: 29
Governor of Massachusetts:
1985: Michael S. Dukakis
2013: Deval Patrick
Boston mayor:
1985: Raymond L. Flynn
2013: Thomas M. Menino
Boston city councilors:
1985:
Female: 1
African-American: 2
Asian-American: 0
Hispanic: 0
2013:
Female: 1
African-American: 3
Asian-American: 0
Hispanic: 1
Massachusetts population
Total
1980: 5,737,037
2010: 6,547,629
White
1980: 93.5%
2010: 80.4%
Black
1980: 3.9%
2010: 6.6%
Asian-American/Pacific Islander
1980: Less than 1 percent
2010: 5.4%
Hispanic
1980: 2.5%
2010: 9.6%
Sources: Whitehouse.gov, Senate.gov, Library of Congress Congressional Research Service report on the 99th Congress, CQ/Roll Call, Mass.gov, CityofBoston.gov, office of Councilor Charles C. Yancey, 1980 Census, 2010 Census.
