CAIRO — Mohammed Morsi, Egypt’s Islamist president, named a team of 21 advisers and aides Monday that includes three women, two Christians, and a large number of Islamist-leaning figures, backing off campaign promises to appoint a Christian and a woman as vice presidents.

The move is the latest by Morsi, a longtime member of the Muslim Brotherhood who was inaugurated in late June, to establish his authority and break with the era of ousted president Hosni Mubarak by forming his own leadership.

Morsi’s office has sought to depict him as independent of the Brotherhood and as a leader who wants to bring a wider political spectrum behind him, including liberals — but the Brotherhood still holds the preponderance of power in his administration.

In midst of a fierce presidential election campaign earlier this year, Morsi sought to broaden his support and allay fears of Brotherhood dominance by promising to appoint a youth, a woman, and a Christian to vice president posts. The promise brought an outcry from ultraconservative Islamists known as Salafis who said they would not accept a Christian or female vice president, since they say neither is allowed to serve as head of state.

In another assertion of his independence, Morsi will travel to Tehran this week for a summit of the Non-Aligned Movement. He will be the first Egyptian leader to visit Iran since the nations ended diplomatic relations in the 1980s after Egypt recognized Israel.

Morsi’s decision to go to Iran reflects a major foreign policy shift for Egypt, which has been deferential to Washington.

Iran is expected to use the summit to try to strengthen ties among the 120 countries attending and denounce what it considers an unfair effort by the United States and other Western countries to curb its nuclear program.

Since Morsi’s inauguration, some Brotherhood officials have contended he was forced into making conciliatory promises about his leadership team and signaled he would probably back away from the vows.

Earlier this month, Morsi appointed a senior judge, Mahmoud Mekki, as vice president. Morsi’s spokesman, Yasser Ali, told reporters Monday that there will be only one vice president for the time being.

Instead, Ali announced the formation of Morsi’s ‘‘presidential team,’’ which includes four senior aides and a 17-member council of advisers, which includes seven figures seen as political liberals and 10 who have Islamist leanings.

The rolling back of the promises reflects Morsi’s growing confidence as a president who holds powers exceeding those of his predecessors, said Nabil Abdel-Fatah, a scholar with Al Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies.

Morsi holds executive power and legislative authority after he sidelined the top military generals who ruled Egypt after Mubarak’s ouster Feb. 11. 2011. The generals had dissolved Parliament and taken on legislative powers, so when they were sidelined, Morsi seized the power to make laws — a power he has used once so far.

Abdel-Fatah said the appointments suggested Morsi does not want to share power with a vice president. ‘‘This is just another sign that we are heading to a deadlock with the Brotherhood insisting on monopolizing power,’’ he said.

The four senior aides include Pakinam el-Sharkawi, a female political scientist who will be in charge of political issues, and Coptic Christian writer Samer Morcus, whose title is aide for democratic transition.

The others are a senior Brotherhood member, Essam Hadad, who will be the aide for foreign relations and international cooperation, and a leading Salafi, Emad Abdel-Ghafour, who was named the president’s aide for society outreach.

Ahmed Maher, a cofounder of the secular April 6 youth group, which engineered last year’s anti-Mubarak uprising and which has thrown its backing behind Morsi, said that his group was watching how much the president keeps his promises.