TOKYO — Jesper Koll, an economist who’s lived in Japan for 26 years, says it’s not easy for him to keep faith in a country that’s shrinking, aging, stuck in protracted economic gloom, and losing fast ground to China as the region’s dominant power.
‘‘I am the last Japan optimist,’’ Koll said in a recent speech in Tokyo.

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China is also aging rapidly because of its authoritarian one-child policy. The US can remain a relatively young and productive nation if we have real immigration reform that attracts legal migrants to the US who fill skilled job vacancies and start new businesses that employ native-born Americans.