JOHANNESBURG — Opposition parties submitted a motion of no confidence on Thursday against President Jacob Zuma, saying that corruption and unemployment have risen, the justice system has been politicized, and the economy has weakened.

The motion, backed by eight opposition parties, was triggered by a violent strike at a platinum mine that killed 46 people, the downgrading of South Africa’s credit rating by two major agencies, and big spending of state funds on Zuma’s rural residence, according to a joint statement by the parties.