CAIRO — Islamists rushed to approve a draft constitution for Egypt on Thursday without the participation of liberal and Christian members, aiming to preempt a court ruling that could dissolve their panel and further inflaming the clash between the opposition and President Mohammed Morsi.

The draft of the charter, meant to determine a new political identity for Egypt after 60 years of rule by authoritarian leaders, has an Islamist bent that rights specialists say could lead to a say by Muslim clerics in legislation and restrictions on freedom of speech, women’s rights, and other liberties.