The new penalties wouldn’t take effect until the year before the next Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro, but the World Anti-Doping Agency’s draft code for 2015 would double the two-year suspensions for using steroids, human growth hormone, and masking agents, trafficking, and prohibited methods, and also make it easier to impose lifetime bans.

By expanding the first-time sanctions to four years, the WADA would enable the International Olympic Committee to keep athletes from gaming the system, making sure that any cheater caught at one Games would be ineligible for the next.